The Atomic-Precise Silicon Quantum Computing Laboratory is a research facility specialising in quantum computing and quantum simulation in silicon-based dopant-atom systems. Our research focuses on developing fundamental theory in silicon-based quantum computing, advancing silicon-based atomic fabrication methods, and realising the precise operation of spin-qubit arrays in semiconductors. Specifically, our primary goal is to realise scalable, fault-tolerant silicon-based quantum computers and quantum simulators with computational capabilities beyond classical computing.

The laboratory is now equipped with six STM-MBE integrated systems, enabling device lithography with atomic-level precision and silicon encapsulation with purified isotopes. Additionally, utilising the advanced semiconductor nanofabrication facility at the Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, we are developing scalable atomic chip-processing technologies for high-volume production. Furthermore, six dilution refrigerators are equipped with full sets of cryogenic measurement instruments on silicon dopant qubits. With the equipment mentioned above, the laboratory provides a world-class platform for research in silicon quantum computing.

The long-term development goals are: (1) exploring and validating fault-tolerant encoding schemes for silicon-based quantum circuits, and (2) achieving scalable processors for silicon-based quantum computing. Specific targets include enabling simultaneous spin qubit operation, realising multi-qubit nearest-neighbour coupling, and advancing scalable parallel readout techniques.

Currently, the platform has developed STM-HL fabrication, cryogenic test and characterisation techniques for both phosphorus- and boron-based atomic processors. Our key silicon-based quantum computing advances include: the demonstration of quantum error detection using stabiliser measurements on an integrated Si:P quantum processor; the demonstration of universal logical gate operations and a logical-encoding-based variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, which simulates the water molecule’s electronic ground state. We are also developing an integrated hole-spin qubit atomic processor (Si:B) architecture, with exciting preliminary results.

Recently, one of our research papers, "Quantum error detection in a silicon quantum processor," was published in Nature Electronics (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-025-01557-1#ethics).

Laboratory equipped with various types of STM-MBEs for atomic-precision lithography and dilution refrigerators for cryogenic measurements

Team members:

PI: Yu He

Theory: Peihao Huang

STM: Guanyong Wang, Tianluo Pan, Mingchao Duan, Hongping Lu, and Keji Shi

Nano-fab: Zhen Tian, Huan Shu, Zihao Feng, Jiaxin Liu, and Xiaoxue Yang

Low-temperature measurements: Guangchong Hu